By this time, Carver already had great successes in the laboratory and the community. He taught poor farmers that they could feed hogs acorns instead of commercial feed and enrich croplands with swamp muck instead of fertilizers. Through his work on soil chemistry, Carver learned that years of growing cotton had depleted the nutrients from soil, resulting in low yields. But by growing nitrogen-fixing plants like peanuts, soybeans and sweet potatoes, the soil could be restored, allowing yield to increase dramatically when the land was reverted to cotton use a few years later.
To further help farmers, he invented the Jessup wagon, a kind of mobile horse-drawn classroom and laboratory used to demonstrate soil chemistry. But the method had an unintended consequence: A surplus of peanuts and other non-cotton products. Carver set to work on finding alternative uses for these products.
For example, he invented numerous products from sweet potatoes, including edible products like flour and vinegar and non-food items such as stains, dyes, paints and writing ink.
In all, he developed more than food, industrial and commercial products from peanuts, including milk, Worcestershire sauce, punches, cooking oils and salad oil, paper, cosmetics, soaps and wood stains. He also experimented with peanut-based medicines, such as antiseptics, laxatives and goiter medications. It should be noted, however, that many of these suggestions or discoveries remained curiosities and did not find widespread applications. House of Representatives on behalf of the peanut industry, which was seeking tariff protection.
Though his testimony did not begin well, he described the wide range of products that could be made from peanuts, which not only earned him a standing ovation but also convinced the committee to approve a high protected tariff for the common legume. In the last two decades of his life, Carver lived as a minor celebrity but his focus was always on helping people.
He traveled the South to promote racial harmony, and he traveled to India to discuss nutrition in developing nations with Mahatma Gandhi. Up until the year of his death, he also released bulletins for the public 44 bulletins between and Some of the bulletins reported on research findings but many others were more practical in nature and included cultivation information for farmers, science for teachers and recipes for housewives. In the mids, when the polio virus raged in America, Carver became convinced that peanuts were the answer.
He offered a treatment of peanut oil massages and reported positive results, though no scientific evidence exists that the treatments worked the benefits patients experienced were likely due to the massage treatment and attentive care rather than the oil.
Carver died on January 5, , at Tuskegee Institute after falling down the stairs of his home. He was 78 years old. Carver was buried next to Booker T. Famous Colonists. Plymouth Settlement. Pilgrim Fathers. American Colonies Index. Facts about John Carver. John Carver Fact 1. John Carver was famous as one of the Pilgrim Fathers and a leader and the first Governor of the Plymouth Settlement who travelled on the Mayflower ship to America.
John Carver Fact 2. When was John Carver born? He was born in John Carver Fact 3. Where was John Carver born? John Carver Fact 4. John Carver was a wealthy London merchant who became interested in new religious ideas. John Carver Fact 5.
John Carver Fact 6. They had 2 children but they both died in infancy. The ships stopped in Dartmouth and finally Plymouth when the Speedwell was deemed unseaworthy and the Pilgrims all boarded the overcrowded Mayflower, bound for the New World. Carver was elected governor of the ship during its crossing, and when the ship landed at Cape Cod in November , one of the leading voices in drawing up the Mayflower Compact. It had been a tough crossing and the strong winds meant they were nowhere near the land they had agreed to settle on with the Virginia Company.
So by drawing up the Compact, it meant they had something in writing that showed they would self-govern while confirming their allegiance to the Crown in England. At its heart, John Carver had helped draw up a social contract, a set of rules that everyone would agree to live by. His was the first signature and many believe he would have written it.
Carver continued as Governor when they Pilgrims settled, leading them through the harsh first winter that would lead to much suffering among the group, with nearly half perishing in the difficult conditions. During this time he and Massasoit, the leader of the Wampanoag, the Native American people who originally lived on the land the Pilgrims had landed on, worked out a peace treaty and an agreement to mutually protect each other. This historic peace would last for more than half a century.
In the spring of , while working in a field, Carver complained of a pain in his head. He returned to his house to lie down and soon fell into a coma, and he died within a few days, not long after April 5, He joined the Separatists, a Puritan religious group who were highly critical of the Church of England. They were followers of Robert Browne, a preacher who thought the Church of England should abolish bishops, ecclesiastical courts and other relics of Roman Catholicism such as kneeling and the use of priestly vestment and altars.
The Separatists also believed that the government was too tolerant towards those who were guilty of adultery, drunkeness and breaching the Sabbath. The Separatists, who held their church services in secret, were persecuted and several members were imprisoned for their activities.
The Dutch government had a reputation for tolerance towards dissenters and in Carver and a group of Separatists decided to emigrate to Holland.
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