Inversion: Inversion is a change in the orientation of a segment of a chromosome. Translocation: Translocation is the interchange of the parts of chromosomes between nonhomologous chromosomes. Inversion: Inversion is a single chromosome mutation. Translocation: Two chromosomes are involved in the translocation.
Inversion: The size of the chromosome does not change in inversions. Translocation: The size of the chromosome changes in translocation. Inversion: Typically, inversion does not cause abnormalities. Translocation: Translocations more likely to cause a disease such as infertility, cancer or Down syndrome. Inversion and translocation are two types of chromosomal mutations that occur in the genome.
Both types of mutations do not change the amount of genetic material in the genome. Inversion is the breakdown and rejoining of a segment of a chromosome while translocation is the exchange of chromosome segments between nonhomologous chromosomes.
The main difference between inversion and translocation is the mutating mechanism. Figure 2: Translocation. Griffiths, Anthony JF. National Library of Medicine, 1 Jan.
Reciprocal translocation is the exchange of broken DNA segments between two non-homologous chromosomes. It does not cause loss or gain of genetic material. Hence it is a type of balanced rearrangement. During the Robertsonian translocation , long arms of the two acrocentric chromosomes fuse with each other.
Short arms can be lost. Hence, it is a type of imbalanced chromosomal rearrangement. Compared to the Robertsonian translocation, reciprocal translocation is a common type of chromosomal rearrangement. Some translocations are inherited while some newly occur. Certain translocations cause diseases such as cancer, Down syndrome , infertility and XX male syndrome. Inversion and translocation are two types of chromosomal abnormalities caused due to double-strand breaks.
During the inversion, a fragment of chromosome breaks at two points and flips in degrees and joins again with the chromosome. Translocation is the exchange of broken segments of chromosomes between non-homologous chromosomes.
An inversion occurs within the same chromosome. Translocation occurs between non-homologous chromosomes. This is the difference between inversion and translocation. You can download the PDF version of this article and use it for offline purposes as per citation note.
Griffiths, Anthony JF. National Library of Medicine, 1 Jan. Available here 2. Available here. Samanthi Udayangani holds a B. Degree in Plant Science, M. Your email address will not be published. This type of chromosomal change results in extra copies of genetic material from the duplicated segment. An inversion occurs when a chromosome breaks in two places; the resulting piece of DNA is reversed and re-inserted into the chromosome. Genetic material may or may not be lost as a result of the chromosome breaks.
An inversion that includes the chromosome's constriction point centromere is called a pericentric inversion. An inversion that occurs in the long q arm or short p arm and does not involve the centromere is called a paracentric inversion.
An isochromosome is a chromosome with two identical arms. Instead of one q arm and one p arm, an isochromosome has two q arms or two p arms. As a result, these abnormal chromosomes have an extra copy of some genes and are lacking copies of genes on the missing arm.
Unlike normal chromosomes, which have one centromere, a dicentric chromosome contains two centromeres. Dicentric chromosomes result from the abnormal fusion of two chromosome pieces, each of which includes a centromere.
These structures are unstable and often involve a loss of some genetic material. Ring chromosomes usually occur when a chromosome breaks in two places, typically at the ends of the p and q arms, and then the arms fuse together to form a circular structure.
The ring may or may not include the centromere, depending on where on the chromosome the breaks occur. In many cases, genetic material near the ends of the chromosome is lost. Many cancer cells also have changes in their chromosome structure. These changes are not inherited; they occur in somatic cells cells other than eggs or sperm during the formation or progression of a cancerous tumor. Other chapters in Help Me Understand Genetics. Genetics Home Reference has merged with MedlinePlus.
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