They detected bacteria like Porphyromonas gingivalis, a germ that can cause gum disease, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is linked to pneumonia.
The gum wad also included genetic traces of the Epstein-Barr virus, which is known to cause mononucleosis, or mono. The bacteria's presence doesn't necessarily mean Lola was sick, though, since the germs can be present in a person without causing illnesses.
The discovery could, however, help scientists better understand how germs change over thousands of years and how they could further evolve in the future.
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In North America, indigenous people chewed spruce tree resin, a practice that continued with the European settlers who followed. In the late s, John Curtis developed the first commercial spruce tree gum by boiling resin, then cutting it into strips that were coated in cornstarch to prevent them from sticking together.
Santa Anna wanted assistance developing chicle into a substitute for rubber, and believed the riches he stood to earn would enable him to return to power in his homeland. Adams began experimenting with chicle, but when his work failed to yield the desired results, Santa Anna abandoned the project. Adams eventually realized that rather than trying to create a rubber alternative, he could use chicle to produce a better type of chewing gum.
He formed a company that by the late s, according to Mathews, was making gum sold across the country. Chicle, imported to the United States from Mexico and Central America, served as the main ingredient in chewing gum until most manufacturers replaced it with synthetic ingredients by the mid s. In the 20th century, chewing gum made William Wrigley Jr. Wrigley started out as a soap salesman in his native Philadelphia.
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